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Robert Wurtz
Robert H. Wurtz is an American neuroscientist working as a NIH Distinguished Scientist and Chief of the Section on Visuomotor Integration at the National Eye Institute. He is a member of the US National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is recognised for developing methods for studying the visual system in 'awake-behaving' primates (as opposed to those under anesthesia), a technique now widely used for the study of higher brain functions. He pioneered the study of the neuronal basis of vision and its relation with cognitive functions.
==Early life and education==
Robert Wurtz was born in Saint Louis, Missouri as an only child of Robert Wurtz. His father (the name Robert was inherited from his grandfather) was a factory worker, a superintendent at the Mavrakos Candy Company. His mother Alice also worked at the same company as a bookkeeper. He was very weak in spelling since childhood, as his high school English teacher reminded him, "Young
man, if your livelihood depends on spelling, you will starve." When it was time for college, he wanted to join liberal arts college. Most of his school-mates opted for Swarthmore. However, his father persuaded him to apply for Oberlin College as it was the nearest reputable institution from home. In 1954 he joined Oberlin and graduated in 1958 with a major in chemistry. But the periodic table soon discouraged him to pursue chemistry further because of his poor memory. Then he found an interest in experimental psychology and physiology of nervous system. At Michigan University he initially failed in seven out ten areas in the proficiency test in psychology. He passed in physiological, sensory, and developmental. So he took up neurophysiology and neuroanatomy under James Olds. He submitted his PhD thesis in 1962, even though Olds was hesitant about the title ''Self-Stimulation and Escape in Response to Stimulation of the Rat Amygdala''. He went on for a post-doctoral research in the Physiology Department of Washington University in St. Louis.
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